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Candela:
The S.I. unit of luminous intensity defined as the luminous intensity in a given direction of a source that emits monochromatic photons of frequency 540 x 1012 Hz & has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 W/sr
 
Capacitance:
The ratio of charge stored per increase in potential difference.
 
Capacitor:
Electrical device used to store charge and energy in the electrical field.
 
Capillarity:
The rise or fall of a liquid in a tube of very fine bore.
 
Carnot's theorem:
No engine operating between two temperatures can be more efficient than a reversible engine working between the same two temperatures.
 
Centrifugal force:
An outward pseudo force acting on a body in circular motion.
 
Centripetal force:
The radial force required to keep an object moving in a circular path; it is equal to mv2/r.
 
Charles' law:
"For a given mass of a gas at constant pressure
 
Chromatic aberration:
"An optical lens defect causing color fringes
 
Clausius' statement of second law of Thermodynamics:
It is not possible that at the end of a cycle of changes heat has been transferred from a colder body to a hotter body without producing some other effect.
 
Closed system:
The system which cannot exchange heat or matter with the surroundings.
 
Coefficient of linear expansion:
The increase in length per unit original length per degree rise in temperature.
 
Coefficient of superficial expansion:
The increase in area per unit original area per degree rise in temperature.
 
Coefficient of volumetric expansion:
The increase in volume per unit original volume per degree rise in temperature.
 
Coherent source:
A source in which there is a constant phase difference between waves emitted from different parts of the source.
 
Condensation point:
The temperature at which a gas or vapor changes back to liquid.
 
Conduction:
The transfer of heat from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature by increased kinetic energy moving from molecule to molecule.
 
Convection:
The transfer of heat by the actual transfer of matter.
 
Coulomb's law:
The force between any two charges is directly proportional to the product of charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the charges.
 
Critical angle:
The angle of incidence in a denser medium for which angle of refraction is .
 
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